Othello By William Shakespeare s Othello Essay - 977 Words

Alexius Sparkman Dr. Ernest Williamson III English 101 30 November 2016 Iago In William Shakespeare s Othello, Iago s character is perhaps the most appalling scalawag. Oxford s Dictionary characterizes miscreant as an, an evil individual; boss insidious character in a play or a story (Oxford 740). Iago plays the antiquated of Othello, who is the general of the Venetian powers. As an old, Iago is to be an unwavering worker to Othello. In any case, Iago has developed intense and scornful and utilizes his gathered steadfastness as a wedge to bring about Othello s end. He s captivating for his most ghastly trademark; his articulate absence of persuading inspiration for his activities. He is additionally a man who is fit for a cool deception, nonsensical disdain, and numerous malicious demonstrations, which he can plot them effortlessly. As per Stopford A. Brooke, it is a huge personality that had touched base by chance in the body of a non-authorized officer (Brooke 444). Iago has an advanced method for misleading the characters of the play, making him an extremely astute individual. Right on time in the play, Othello acquaints him with the duke of Venice as, my old/a man he is of genuineness and trust (I.iii.284-85). All through the play Iago is thought to be straightforward, yet is fact the reprobate. Keeping in mind the end goal to keep up the false picture one needs to have a dumbfounding character. Othello s neglecting of Iago for the position ofShow MoreRelatedOthello : William Shakespeare s Othello2542 Words   |  11 Pages3 March 2015 Othello Introduction Shakespeare is the second most quoted writer in the English language – after the various writers of the Bible. Many of Shakespeare’s ideas for the play Othello came from a collection of tales written by Giraldi Cinthio. In Othello the character of Iago acts as the prominent main character throughout the play, even though he plays the role of the antagonist to the other central characters in the comedy Iago is the tragic hero. Shakespeare’s Othello was not justRead MoreOthello By William Shakespeare s Othello Essay1230 Words   |  5 Pages Previously, in Act 3.4, Othello begins to suspect Desdemona’s loyalty, as he continuously asks Desdemona for the handkerchief, yet she keeps on changing the topic. In Act 4.1, Iago continues to convince Othello of Desdemona’s faithfulness. In Act 3.4, Othello defended Desdemona when Iago accused her; but in Act 4.1, their position is switched. Othello becomes more aware of what Iago is saying and the anger t hat he has towards Iago has significantly reduced, while he begins to doubt Desdemona.Read MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Othello And Othello1720 Words   |  7 PagesDejenara Williams Ms.Milliner EES21QH-04 January ,18,2017 In this world there are two different types of people. There are those with a fixed mindset and others with a growth mindset . Each of these mindset involve different personality and characteristics. This may create a different outlook on life, meaning different morals and actions. Which happens to come into play while reading shakespeare s Othello. Most of the characters , maybe even all fit into either categories. CharactersRead MoreAnalysis Of Othello s Othello By William Shakespeare Essay2117 Words   |  9 Pages Racist Ideology As Seen In Othello As a writer, William Shakespeare possessed an uncanny ability to address topics that were, for the most part, unnoticed in society. Every one of his characters feels realistic because they are so complex and based on psychological motivations. When Shakespeare’s Othello was first written, there was undoubtedly a complicated relationship between white English citizens and so called â€Å"foreigners†. However, society’s inability to understand or accept different culturesRead MoreOthello s Othello By William Shakespeare897 Words   |  4 PagesIago’s main reason to denigrate Desdemona’s character is his love for Othello. Consequently, he will do anything to gain Othello’s admiration. When Iago is putting his plan into action and planting in Othello’s mind that Desdemona is not faithful to him, Iago says: Othello kneels .............................................................................................. IAGO: Do not rise yet. Iago kneels Witness, you ever-burning lights above, You elements that clip us round above, Witness thatRead MoreOthello s Othello By William Shakespeare848 Words   |  4 Pages Desdemona’s Passivity [In the Shakespeare’s play â€Å"Othello†] Desdemona is a passive character in the Shakespeare play â€Å"Othello†. We can identify this as a fault in Desdemona, in various acts and scenes throughout the play. A critic had stated that â€Å"Desdemona is passive, acted upon rather than acting.† This is a valid statement which is noticeable in Desdemona’s character. When Desdemona argues Cassio’s position that Othello stripped from him. We see from this that she could have actedRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Othello 1386 Words   |  6 Pagesblood-crimson of lust and the jade-green of jealously are but two of the vast palate required to paint this inescapable human passion. William Shakespeare’s store of colors is unrivaled. No human failing, foible or foolishness escapes his gentle, comedic reproof. He equally enjoins his audience to venture as bravely as he does into the palpable horror of love gone amiss. In â€Å"OTHELLO,†Ã¢â‚¬Å"MACBETH,† and many more dramas, l ove’s fatal potential to provoke vengeance or the quest for earthly power is powerfully feltRead MoreOthello By William Shakespeare s Othello1209 Words   |  5 PagesOthello Down Shakespeare s Othello comprises of the subjects betrayal, affection and dishonesty. At the focal point of this play is the lamentable ruin of Othello because of his so-called friend Iago. In this paper I will be examining the explanations behind and against Othello being in charge of his defeat through taking a gander at critical interpretations of his character and activities. Othello was profoundly in charge to his own destruction as Iago demonstrating to him to be gullible andRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Othello And Othello1385 Words   |  6 PagesFor the time Othello was set in, 16th century Elizabethan society held strong socioeconomic roles that governed social statuses. In Shakespeare’s Othello, class positions become a theme that emphasizes power as a major role in relationships. In the case of Othello, a general of the Venetian army, and Iago, one of his trusted advisors, that power struggle is the force that dominants the play and leads to the disastrous and memorable ending. Machiavelli’s treatise, The Prince, examines the dynamicRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Othello, And Othello Essay1589 Words   |  7 Pagesable to find these undertones and pieces of symbolism in the plays of Everyman, by Peter van Diest, and Othello, by William Shakespeare, the easiest to explain. If you were like me in high school, this essay might be ab le to help hone your ability to see these symbolisms easier. This analysis will go over the strong religion behind the play of Everyman, and the idea of â€Å"the Other† in the play Othello. The play of Everyman starts out with a messenger, and he demands everyone to settle down so they can

The Mystery Of Vampires From Folklore Tales - 1622 Words

Ideas, beliefs, and theories of monsters have been a part of culture since the dawn of mankind. Over time, these gothic entities transformed into specific characters with names, features, and appearances. One particular monster that sustained themselves over time have been vampires. In fact, stories of vampires have been with civilization for centuries. The exact origin of vampires is unknown and there have been many speculations and theories of these monsters’ origins. Many scholars believe that vampires originated from folklore tales, which spread all throughout Europe, Asia, Africa, England, and Ireland. In addition, early civilizations associated vampires with unexplained events such as death, disease, and misfortune. Scholars would theorize vampires were ways ancient people would associate with uncanny events that could not be explained due to their lack of education, primitive medicine and crude technology. According to Theodora Goss, â€Å"the vampire functioned as [a] scapegoat †¦ [allowing] the villagers to confront their fears† (Theodora Goss). Due to this lack of education of death and disease, folklore stories would substitute modern science. Scientific American would state, â€Å"†¦ [Vampires] tell an important story about how people understood natural events such as death, decomposition, and the transmission of disease prior to the advent of scientific medicine† (Scientific American). Due to this style of conversational exchange, stories of vampires wouldShow MoreRelatedDracula, By Bram Stoker1039 Words   |  5 PagesMeanwhile, Stoker properly establishes the mythology of vampires to help readers appreciate, interpret and analyze the elements of vampirism m ore efficiently. Stoker writes his novel in such away that he can tie in present day, along with old-fashion victorian society. In his writing, Dracula, Stoker engages the reader in a mysterious story (Stoker). Stoker presents this by incorporating a shadowy appearance of Dracula, mythology and folklore of vampires, associating different era Victorian society, alongRead MoreThe Mystery Of The Vampire1583 Words   |  7 PagesThe vampire is the popular character in folklore from early civilization to modern life. The vampire appears in people mind with the passion of immortality, fear, love and mystery. People are attracted with vampire because the superstition of the vampire has done for centuries. Are they real? What are they? Where they come from? There are a few of thousand questions about the beliefs of vampire during many centuries. People don’t stop their curiosity with vampire- the legend that emulates the worldRead MoreAnalysis Of Dracula By Justin Varghese1657 Wor ds   |  7 Pagesviews of the late 19th century era. Sexuality and its references were seen as taboo in The Victorian Era. Stoker’s background including childhood sickness, college athletic career, and interests in the supernatural found in the various folklore along with influence from his mentor Walt Whitman and the Enlightenment Era lead to strong characteristics in main protagonists such as Van Helsing. While his contrasting views on sexuality by describing it in a violent manner and emphasizing the desiring andRead MoreBram Stoker : Father Of All Vampires1786 Words   |  8 PagesEric Ruiz Mrs. Cahill English 5/7/2017 Bram Stoker: Father of All Vampires There are a lot of new horror movies coming soon to theatres this 2017, and they have tons of hype building up from people all over the world. There was also a recent social media phenomenon that took place where random people would roam the streets in the dark, dressed as evil clowns, only to terrify and spook the public. The popularity of the horror genre is only increasing and advancing as the years go by, but who wereRead MoreVampires Never Die, By Guillermo Del Toro And Chuck Hogan1299 Words   |  6 PagesIn the text â€Å"Vampires Never Die,† by Guillermo Del Toro and Chuck Hogan, the authors main purpose is to tell the origin of vampires and how the perception of vampires has changed throughout history. Although the myth of an undead monster was created before the word â€Å"vampire† ever was, this text begins with a story told by John William Polidori that created the two main branches of vampire fiction known today. These branches include the vampire as a ro mantic hero and the vampire as an undead monsterRead MoreAnalysis Of Interview With The Vampire And Bram Stokers Dracula2110 Words   |  9 Pagesform is usually present in sexual activity and penetration is an overall theme throughout both films. The penetration that takes place in Interview With The Vampire and Bram Stokers Dracula does not take place from sex, instead, penetration comes from fangs, and yet the tone is extremely sexual in nature. The scene in Interview With The Vampire where Le Stat brings two women back to their home is a great example. In the scene, Le Stat bites one woman on the breast and she squeals and moans in ecstasyRead MoreThe Influence and Meaning of Gothic Literature1385 Words   |  6 Pagesgothic novel ever written. Gothic literature explores the aggression between what we fear and what we lust. The setting of these gothic stories were usually in some kind of castle or old building that showed human decay and created an atmosphere of mystery and su spense. The words chosen in these novels and short stories were very descriptive they tended to blend the idea of the exotic and the familiar (The Balkans, 75).Supernatural and unexplainable events are crucial to the plot of a gothic storyRead MoreEssay Dracula the Impaled Reputation1995 Words   |  8 Pagespatriot who cares for his people and is only doing what he must to protect them from the invading armies. The latter of which is less known, yet in the most famous book about Dracula, Bram Stoker brings forth many of the true facts about Vlad ÈšepeÈ™ also known as Vlad the Impaler. The tricky thing comes when we look at why Bram Stoker chose what he did for the book, and later what Coppola chose to leave out or modify from the novel when he directed the movie adaptation of Bram Stoker’s Dracula in 1992Read MoreTextual Reading/ Literary Analysis on Dracula1720 Words   |  7 Pages Textual Reading/ Literary Analysis Audience: classmates who argues that â€Å"Dracula† is not a Gothic genre Purpose: to show them that â€Å"Dracula† is a perfectly good example of Gothic genre â€Å"Dracula† a novel by Bram Stoker, deals with vampire folklore, Christian beliefs, and mostly gothic elements. Gothic elements are tremendous in this novel as it is seen a lot throughout the novel. The components of classic gothic elements as seen in â€Å"Dracula† includes the setting of the novel, the toneRead MoreThe Genre of Stokers Dracula Essay6296 Words   |  26 Pagesgathers momentum until it becomes clearer in the end. In Dracula, Bram Stoker emphasizes how as the daylight ends, the horror begins, for from the depths of the swirling mist, he (Dracula) appears, his pointed teeth gleaming as he edges towards his victims. This is Count Dracula the King of the Un- dead - the dreaded vampire. Centuries old, he walks the earth to quench his insatiable thirst for the blood that gives him life. STYLE The style of the author

The Effects Of Child Abuse On Children - 1518 Words

Child Abuse Our skills topic is based on child abuse. In this essay I am going to discuss the impact and background of child abuse. As a dictionary had stated, Child abuse is a physical, sexual, or psychological mistreatment or neglect of a child or children. And I believe this issue should be brought forth so that more people could be aware of this. There are four types of child abuse, and the four types are Child Neglect, Physical Abuse, Emotional Abuse, and Sexual Abuse. Child Neglect is the first type of Child abuse. Child Neglect is a very common type of child abuse, by this we meant ignoring child or a children’s existence, including physical needs or emotional needs of children, education, safety, or health care. Childe Neglect of†¦show more content†¦Physical Abuse is the second type of Child abuse. Physical abuse is giving physical force including punching, hitting, slapping, bitting, burning, strangling to a child which may cause minor injuries or severe death. Physical abuse refers to caregivers of children caused by non accidental bodily injury, which led to the appearance of death, damage, damage or loss of function of the body, or let the children in these situations may occur damage. In addition, it also contains excessive and inconsistent with age, not suitable for the situation of discipline or punishment; Today approximately 5 children die everyday because of child abuse.This issue is world wide, most of the children fa ce child abuse either mentally or physically. It is essential to learn more about child abuse and try to decrease the amount of child abuse in society. Many child or children that get physical abuse from their parents they are scare to tell other people or finding help from other people to rescue them. Because they are afraid that their parents will found out and add more physical abuse to them. And some child wont even know that punching, hitting, slapping, bitting, burning, strangling to a child is physical abuse, because many parents will give their child physical abuse by saying its a punishment to what they have done bad, or maybe they also sayShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Child Abuse On Children935 Words   |  4 PagesChild abuse has been an issue in America since the beginning of time, but lately there has gradually been an increase in reported incidents of abuse. There are several types of child abuse that are present in today’s society. The different types of abus e include physical, emotional and sexual abuse. Of the different maltreatment types, four-fifths (78.3%) of unique victims were neglected, 17.6 percent were physically abused, 9.2 percent were sexually abused, 8.1 percent were psychologically maltreatedRead MoreChild Abuse And Its Effects On Children Essay1489 Words   |  6 Pagesindividuals corrected. However, there are cases that have not been solved or not stopped by the law. Child abuse is common. Child abuse can be caused by a variety of reasons. Scientist have been studying and they have some ideas on what prompt people to harm children (Ian Hacking). They are trying to end child abuse, but there is so much they can do. Many children abuse incidents are not reported. Child abuse may have many causes as in way the abuser does it. One specific factor is the background of theRead MoreChild Abuse And Its Effects On Children913 Words   |  4 Pagesseveral types of abuse, there’s physical, emotional, verbal and several o thers abuses. But the abuse I would like to focus on is child abuse. Domestic violence towards children is important because there is a way to prevent it from happening. Typical parents and caregivers do not intend to abuse their children. Abuse is mainly directed toward the behaviors that are given off towards one another. Author David Gil defines child abuse as an occurrence where a caretaker injures a child, not by accidentRead MoreChild Abuse Is An Effect On Children1657 Words   |  7 PagesIn 2010 according to the census bureau there were 74,100,000 U.S children between the ages of 0-17 being abused and 3.3 million referrals. This effected on average 1-10 U.S families and children, there were more than 32,200,000 U.S families with children under the age of 18 according to the 2010 census bureau. From the 3.3 million hotline calls in 2010 there were less than 475,000 sustained cases (2010 NCANDS: 436,321 sustained +24,976 indicated = 461,297 total) resulting in about 15% of ho tlineRead MoreChild Abuse And Its Effects On Children1317 Words   |  6 PagesChild abuse has long been an ongoing social problem; this abuse has been one of the repeatedly difficult accusations to prove in our criminal justice system. Child abuse causes many years of suffering for victims. Children abused suffer from chemical imbalances, behavioral issues and are at high risk for becoming abusers or being abused in adult relationships. This cycle of learned behavior and suffering will be a hopeless reoccurring problem unless the criminal justice system and protocols for abusersRead MoreChild Abuse And Its Effects On Children1488 Words   |  6 Pages â€Æ' In addressing child abuse we are confronted with a series of problems. On the one hand, there is a lack of the true extent of the phenomenon because no data are available and that the issue, often refers to the most intimate spaces of family life. Furthermore, cultural and historical traditions affect the way each society faces this problem. Finally, there are varying opinions as to its definition and classification, as well as the consequences of child abuse may have and its subsequent therapeuticRead MoreChild Abuse And Its Effects On Children1263 Words   |  6 Pages Child Abuse Child abuse is any behavior which, by action or omission, produces physical or psychological damage to a person less than 18 years, affecting the development of his personality. In homes, it is believed that the most effective way to educate children is using the abuse. This form of punishment it used as an instrument of correction and moral training strategy as it is the first and most persistent justification of damage and maltreated mothers parents inflict on their children. SocietyRead MoreChild Abuse And Its Effects On Children1160 Words   |  5 PagesMost parents and other caregivers do not intend to hurt their children, but abuse is defined by the effect on the child, not the motivation of the parents or caregiver. Tens of thousands of children each year are traumatized by physical, sexual, and emotional abusers or by caregivers who neglect them, making child abuse as common as it is shocking. Most of us can’t imagine what would make an adult use violence against a child, and the worse the behavior is, the more unimaginable it seems. ButRead MoreChild Abuse And Its Effects On Children1227 Words   |  5 Pagesreports of child abuse are made involving more than 6 million children. The United States has one of the worst records of child abuse losing 4-7 children a day to the abuse. Abuse is when any behavior or action that is used to scare, harm, threaten, control or intimidate another person. Child abuse is a behavior outside the norms of conduct and entails substantial risk of causing physical or emotional harm. There are four main types of child abuse; physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, andRead MoreChild Abuse And Its Effects On Children1132 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Child abuse takes many different forms. Including physical, sexual, emotional, or neglect of a children by parents, guardians, or others responsible for a child s welfare. Regardless of the type of abuse, the child’s devolvement is greatly impacted. The child’s risk for emotional, behavioral, academic, social, and physical problems in life increase. According to the Child Maltreatment Report by the Children’s Bureau (1999) the most common form of child abuse in the United States is

Types of Bullying Behavior - 742 Words

How many of you know someone that has been a victim of bullying? or have been victims of a bully? Statistically schools students have a one in seven chance of being on the receiving end of a bullies rage (NBNBD). In the United States, there is an estimated 160,000 children miss school every day due to fear of attack or intimidation by other students (NEA), but what are the contributing factors in school violence? What and why do bullies to want to inflict pain on someone? We need to find the many sociological factors in a bully that causes them to do harm to others and contribute to violence in schools. Today many of our U.S public schools and campuses face the same problem, the violence on their school grounds. There is wide variety of contributors to this problem schools are facing and bullying is the main issue. School violence consists of the following types of bullying behavior physical, verbal, and cyber. A few factors that I believe to be the main contribute to violence in schools. The first factor is physical abuse; physical abuse is any intentional and unwanted contact with you or something close to your body (Google). If someone were to do something to you like pat you on the butt, or make you do sexual acts that you are against, also damage to or taking someone else’s belongings may also constitute as physical bullying. Unwanted physical bulling does not only come from peers but from anyone that makes youShow MoreRelatedBullying Is A Type Of Unwanted Aggressive Behavior Among Individuals1110 Words   |  5 PagesBullying Jonae Herring PSY 150- 5152 Introduction What is bullying? There is no universal definition of the term bullying. However, it is widely agreed upon that bullying is a type of unwanted aggressive behavior among individuals. A bully is defined as one who uses superior strength or influence to intimidate. It is common for us to think that bullying most likely takes place at school but now, bullying can be found anywhere. Bullying has recently been blamed for the increasing number of suicidesRead MoreBullying Is A Modern Threat Of The Security Of Many People Around The World1726 Words   |  7 Pagesin their life. Bullying can be so extreme that it can bring physical harm to some people. Bullying is a modern threat to the security of many people around the world. To figure out the personality of a bully we need to define types of bullying, causes of bullying, traits of bullies and possible cures of bullying. The first subject that needs clarification is the types of bullying. There are many different types of bullying in the modern world. There are four basic types of bullying; there is physicalRead MoreBullying Is An Old Age Problem Essay1680 Words   |  7 Pages Bullying has been an old age problem since the beginning of time, which is still a problem till this day in age. No matter what stage someone might be in life, there is a possibility that you may have been in the position of a victim, bully, and/or bully-victim? An aggressive behavior of bullying might be seen as an act that begins in early childhood and decreases around late adolescence years, but that isn’t the case. Regrettably, being harassed or tormented by aggressor can continue in a higherRead MoreBullying And Its Effects On Society934 Words   |  4 PagesPeople also have misconceptions about what bullying is exactly. Some believe that conflict is the same as bullying. Conflict involves people with equal powe r and blame, whereas bullying involves at least two people who do not have equal power, and certainly do not share blame. Likewise, bullying is not the same as joking around, or kids just being kids. Bullying is a learned behavior, not genetic, and joking around is not intended to hurt anyone, whereas bullying is intentionally hurtful because it takesRead MoreBullying Is A Form Of Action Made By An Aggressive Person1673 Words   |  7 PagesBullying is a form of action made by an aggressive person, and which it involves a direct or indirect approach to another person. The imbalance of power between the parties involved are dominating and submission. This behavior involves a negative pattern, having to deal with physical, verbal, gestural or non- verbal actions. The impact of emotional effects, and the long term consequences it holds for a person being targeted by this action. The new form of bullying is â€Å"Cyberbullying† through electronicRead MoreBullying And Its Effect On Teenagers830 Words   |  4 PagesBullying is the use of a superior strength or influence to intimidate someone, typically to force the individual to do what one wants. Bullying is a behavior that intentionally hurts someone physically or emotionally acted by an individual or group. Bullying can take many forms and is often motivated by prejudice against a particular group; for example, on the grounds of race, religion, gender, sexual orientation, or any physical or mental disability. Stopping violence and ensuring safety is obviouslyRead MoreThe Relationship Between Bullying And Peer Relationship1596 Words   |  7 PagesThe Relationship Between Bullying and Peer Relationship In Middle Childhood Bullying is an unfortunate issue that many children face every day. When people think about bullying many imagine something like this; one child yelling at another to get his or her attention. Also, another scenario would be a child being bullied for their lunch or lunch money. However, today’s bullying issues have become much more severe. Unfortunately, today’s bullying antics could easily lead to physical and psychologicalRead MoreWorkplace Bullying And Effective And Ineffective Management Strategies1683 Words   |  7 Pagesreported that they have been affected by workplace bullying, whether they were the target or the witness (2). The nursing profession is no exception to this startling statistic. Both the American Nurses Association (ANA) and The Joint Commission (TJC) have addressed the need for a positive work environment that is â€Å"free of abusive behavior, such as bullying, hostility, abuse of authority, and reprisal for identifying abuse in the workpla ce† (8). Bullying in nursing is thought to begin during undergraduateRead MoreThe Dangers Of Bullying That Teens And Kids Face811 Words   |  4 PagesThe Dangers of Bullying that Teens and Kids Face Getting kidnapped, having problems with drugs, being bullied, and teen pregnancy are just a few of the many dangers that teens and kids face every day. One of the biggest concerns today is bullying. Bullying can happen anywhere and is a problem that affects millions of kids and teens each year. Bullying is defined as an unwanted, aggressive behavior among school aged children that involves a real or perceived power imbalance. The behavior is repeatedRead MoreThe Act Of Bullying Prevention Center Essay1102 Words   |  5 Pageswere the victims of this bullying. Also 13% of students have often been called insults based on their race, ethnicity, religion, gender, sexual orientation, and disability (National Bullying Prevention Center, 2016). The act of bullying have increased enormously in past five years in the United States. Worldwide, schools are intended to be safe places for students to learn valuable skills and grow. However, students will likely face negative experiences, such as bullying, which may cause them a lifelong

Women In Geoffrey Chaucers Canterbury Tales - 1288 Words

Introduction Geoffrey Chaucer’s â€Å"The Canterbury Tales† is a collection of stories written between 1387 and 1400 about a group of thirty people who travel as pilgrims to Canterbury (England) and on their way, they tell stories to each other about their lives and experiences. The stories constitute a critique of English society at the time, and particularly of the Church, while women seem to be presented in a different way than they are in other contemporary works. The aim of this essay is to present the ways in which the portrayal of women is different, and trace their role within Chaucer’s masterpiece. In doing so, first some general characteristics of how women were viewed during the medieval period are presented, and then there is an†¦show more content†¦The Portrayal of Woman in Chaucer Women’s portrayal in Chaucer’s literature to certain extent reflects the state in medieval society. One of the first details to be taken into consideration is the fact that in â€Å"Canterbury Tales† where the stories of twenty nine pilgrims are presented, there are only three women. However, although they are the minority they are an irreplaceable part of the work and have multiple roles: they are both storytellers themselves, but they are also parts of the stories told by the rest of the pilgrims. They appear to have multi-dimensional personalities, as on the one hand they are presented as passive and obedient women, in line with the medieval conceptions of women, but on the other hand they are also obscure and mischievous personalities who can impose their own will and interfere in other people’s lives. More precisely, three women appear as narrators who tell the Prioress’ Tale, the Second Nun’s Tale and the Wife of Bath’s Tale. Martin (1990) points out that the selection of these portraits of women was deliberate from Chaucer, in an effort to underline the two standards that women had to comply with: that of a pious person, and that of a wife. Up until this point it seems that the conventions and beliefs of Chaucer’s time prevail in his writing and is similar to other contemporary works. However, Martin takes it one stepShow MoreRelatedGeoffrey Chaucer s Impact On Literature1231 Words   |  5 PagesGeoffrey Chaucer’s Impact on Literature: English poet Geoffrey Chaucer is acclaimed to be one of the best and most influential poets in history. Geoffrey Chaucer wrote several famous literary works in what is called middle English. Geoffrey Chaucer was born in 1340 in London, England. Over the course of Chaucer’s life, he entered and exited several different social classes. He began to write his most known pieces when he became a public servant to Countess Elizabeth of Ulster in 1357. He diedRead MoreWomen s Liberty Through Literature1105 Words   |  5 PagesEnglish 4 AP Literature Mrs. Johnson  The role of women in society has been well documented through world literature. Works such as The Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer, Hamlet by William Shakespeare,The Education of Women by Daniel Defoe, and A Doll’s House by Henrik Ibsen. These works come from a wide variety of time periods, they range from the middle ages to the modern era, where the first was published around 900 years before the last.  Women make up approximately half of the population ofRead MoreChaucers The Canterbury Tales1381 Words   |  6 PagesThe Canterbury Tales serves as a moral manual in the Middle Ages. In the tales, Geoffrey Chaucer portrays the problems of the society. For instance, Chaucer uses the monk and the friar in comparison to the parson to show what the ecclesiastical class are doing versus what they are supposed to be doing. In other words, it is to make people be aware of these problems. It can be inferred that the author’s main goal is for this literary work to serve as a message to the people along with changing theRead MoreThe Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer Essay1115 Words   |  5 Pages The Canterbury Tales is a set of stories written by Geoffrey Chaucer in the fourteenth century. The stories were told by a group of pilgrims traveling to Canterbury Cathedral, in hopes to see a shrine of Saint Thomas Becket. To make time go by the host recommended each pilgrim tell a tal e. The tale that each character gives, reveals that person’s background and life. Some pilgrims matched their stereotype of that time but most do not. The Prioress, Madame Eglentyne, and Wife of Bath, Allison, areRead MoreThe Worldview Of Society In Geoffrey Chaucers The Canterbury Tales793 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Time and tide wait for no man† (Chaucer). Geoffrey Chaucer (1340-1400) was a man of creativity, a mind for artful thinking, and a soul full of poetic writing. Chaucer attended St. Paul’s Cathedral School where poets such as Virgil and Ovid strongly influenced Chaucers’ writings (Britannica). Chaucer in his book The Canterbury Tales depicts society as being corrupted and morally declined. Chaucers life of events such as his time as a prisoner of war (Biography.com) had impacted his outlook on theRead MoreGeoffrey Chaucers Use of Characterization Essay1308 Words   |  6 Pagesattain any work fame or shame. Geoffrey Chaucer, a pioneer of Engl ish Literature’s works carried mass appeal. His best known works appealed to those of all walks of life. Chaucer’s work resulted in mass appeal because it used many forms of characterization to present the characters to the reader. In Geoffrey Chaucer’s Prologue to the Canterbury Tales, Chaucer uses thoughts and actions, his word, and satire to characterize The Squire and The Wife of Bath. Geoffrey Chaucer is well known for his useRead MoreSex in The Canterbury Tales Essay937 Words   |  4 Pages Geoffrey Chaucer uses sex as a manipulative instrument in The Canterbury Tales. Portraying sex as a power that women exert over men rather than the marital bond of â€Å"making love† makes evident Chaucer’s skewed views of love and marriage with underlying tones of misogyny. He expresses these views throughout the work, however, the theme of love and sex is most evident in the sub-stories of The Wife of Bath and The Miller’s Tale. Chaucer breaks the topic of sex into two basic parts: carnality and romanticismRead MoreEssay Immorality in Chaucers Canterbury Tales1646 Words   |  7 Pagesmoral ambiguity are two concepts that will ruin any relationship. In Geoffrey Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales, he specifically illustrates through his pilgrims’ stories some comical and realistic events that display immorality in the Middle Ages. There are several characters whose stories are focused on presenting the immorality within their tales. Like that of â€Å"The Miller’s Tale,† and â€Å"The Merchant’s Tale.† Chaucer utilizes these tales to display one specific immoral act, which is sexual sin or lustRead MoreComparison Of The Black Death In Chaucers The Canterbury Tales886 Words   |  4 PagesChaucer’s The Canterbury Tales and The Knight’s Tale Geoffrey Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales replays the journey of twenty-nine pilgrims. The pilgrims venture to Canterbury to worship at the Shrine of St. Thomas a’ Becket. The pilgrimage includes the knight. Who is a very chivalrous man with many tales to tell. The Middle Ages started in England with the Battle of Hastings, which occurred on Saturday, October 14, 1066. The armies met at the battle and taunted each other. Then they startedRead MoreGeoffrey Chaucers The Canterbury Tales1030 Words   |  5 PagesGeoffrey Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales is a collection of several tales that are all told by different characters and all convey different messages. The story presented in the general prologue is that a group of pilgrims is traveling to the shrine of St. Thomas Becket, and during their journey they take turns telling tales and talking about themselves. Chaucer uses the pilgrims to express his beliefs, about religion, marriage, social class, and many other topics. One of the pilgrims is the Manciple

National Construction Code OF Australia †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The National Construction Code OF Australia? Answer: Introducation The National Construction Code (NCC) of Australia is a governmental initiative that was created with a view to develop a single code for all the on-site construction requirements in the country (Board 2015). The NCC consists of the Building Code of Australia (BCA) Volume one and two and the Plumbing Coda of Australia (PCA) as Volume three. The Building Code of Australia (BCA) is the main code that assesses building approvals in Australia. It is a set of technical provisions for the construction and design of the buildings and other structures applicable throughout Australia. The provisions are uniform in nature. The BCA is produced and regulated by the Australian Building Codes Board (ABCB). The reason behind frequent review and amendments in the BCA is twofold: firstly, to ensure that the building related works are being carried out in compliance with the Building Code. Secondly, the amendments are made with a view to avert any form of contractual disputes that may arise due to no-compliance (Dimyadi and Amor 2013). A joint initiative of the ABCB and the Australian government along with the state and territory governments is to address issues related to health, safety, sustainability and amenity through the National Construction Code (NCC) with an intention to attain universal minimum and consistent standards. Australian standards Several building standards have been developed for the construction and building industry to ensure safety, cost-effectiveness, efficiency in the building construction throughout the country. A standard refers to a document that includes all the guidelines, rules, and other detailed technical provisions that are essential while undertaking any activities within the building and the construction industry. Some of the building and construction standards are provided in the regulations stipulated under the Building Code of Australia, which implies that those standards must be maintained or followed while undertaking any activities in the specified way (Daly, Cooper and Ma 2014). For instance, test methods and product standards in relation to the doors, roofing and windows; product standards and installation of smoke detectors; design standards that is necessary to ensure accessibility of the disabled; external and internal waterproofing of the residences. NCC- A Performance based Code The performance based National Construction Code (NCC) includes compliance solutions, which enables a plumbing, drainage and building installations to comply with the compliance level. The performance requirements lay down the minimum level of performance for all the drainage, plumbing and building installations. It further includes components, relevant materials, construction methods and design methods (Roetzel, Tsangrassoulis and Dietrich 2014). The requirements mentioned as the performance requirements calls for mandatory compliance. There are three options for compliance set out under the Performance based Code which are as follows: Performance based solution: It requires using of approved tools such as calculators, rating tools, etc, as per the intent of the BCA. This solution refers to any solution that fulfills the Performance requirements except the deemed-to-satisfy solutions. A performance solution may either differ wholly or partly from the deemed-to-satisfy provisions. Deemed to satisfy solution: it is the use of any deemed-to-satisfy solutions or any referenced documents that is stipulated in the NCC. These provisions comprise the instances of products, designs factors, components, and installation and construction methods (Kibert 2016). If these requirements are followed and the building related works have been carried out in compliance with such requirements, it shall be deemed to be in compliance with the performance requirements of the NCC. Verification method: the experts who are recognized consider that the approach satisfies the intent of the BCA but owing to its innovative nature, it cannot adequately be evaluated under the remaining methods. The theory of performance-based design permits a designer to develop a single design solution that meets the requirements of individual building codes in any location, thus, satisfying the approved authorities. The underlying principle for introducing the performance-based codes is to enjoy all the benefits that the code prescribes for instance, the certainty of the techniques and the building materials along with flexibility by using the established performance requirements (Berardi 2017). The performance based code system requires that the society acts in agreement with the methods to assess the performance and the objectives for the built environment. Rating tools to evaluate the compliance to NCC Rating tools are used to comply with the provisions stipulated under the BCA with a view to ensure the clients with best possible outcomes. Sometimes, these rating tools developed for voluntary purposes are often used in contracts. For instance, the local and state governments require to give Green star ratings in respect of certain buildings. The implementation of performance based building aims at enhancing the consumer-orientation within then construction and building industry as while carrying out the building works it is the user requirements explained in the performancebased codes shall form the basis for all communication (Iyer-Raniga, Moore and Wasiluk 2014). The implementation of the performance-based code design environment enhances the in innovation in building designs and the associated products. In Australia, the BCA based on the performance-based code was drafted using several international models including the United Kingdom, New Zealand, Sweden and the Netherlands. In case of Residential buildings, the NCC applies to new buildings and any additions or alterations, the building size threshold shall be determined by the individual jurisdictions. The BCA Volume 2 stipulates requirements for constructing and designing domestic buildings that is, the Class 1 and 10 buildings and in addition, class 10 structures. In case of buildings that already exist, the building size threshold shall be determined by the individual jurisdictions and shall use the deemed to-satisfy solutions hall in case of both alterations and additions. In case of new commercial buildings, BCA volume 1 shall stipulate requirements for design and construction of commercial buildings that is, class 2-9 buildings including class 10 structures. In case of existing commercial buildings, major renovation is required and although several states have included the requirements for existing buildings but such requirements varies based on jurisdictions (Watson, Gad and Pham 2016). Since the NCC contains the certain requirements which when adopted by various territories and states of Australia, it is mandatory to comply with such requirements. The requirements are both enforceable locally or regionally with respect to construction and design with the assistance from the third parties. The NCC covers the following areas with respect to the construction and building industry: HVAC Envelope Maintenance Thermal Comfort Lighting Option for performance-based solution Service water heating Tools used for assessing compliance In Australia, the building certifier is authorized to settle the type of calculation method that is acceptable and there are other simulation tools are available that enables compliance path for the entire building. The star rating that is used for regulating the thermal performance of homes can be measured by using the certain computer software packages such as FirstRate, BASIX, AccuRate, etc. In case of ensuring the compliance with respect to the Commercial building, the National Australian Built Environment Rating System (NABERS) strictly performs similar function as that of the mentioned systems. The star rating is provided based on the actual performance of the building after it is certified. The governments or the licensed operators maintain all these compliance-checking tools. In order to implement the compliance tools for checking compliance level with respect to the residential buildings, the software compliance tools must be in accordance with the standards stipulated by the Nationwide Home Energy Rating Scheme (NatHERS) Software Accreditation Protocol (Pianella et al. 2016). In respect of the commercial buildings, the software tools must comply with the requirements accredited by the ABCB. Change in the environment of the Building Codes of Australia The BCA stipulates the national standards to ensure safety, amenity and sustainability while carry out the building works in the current and future communities. It stipulates the technical requirements with respect to the construction and design of the building and other structures (Ching and Winkel 2016). The matters covered by the BCA include fire resistance, structural soundness, energy efficiency, access related services and other provisions related to health and safety. The majority of the amendments included in the BCA 2012 include the following factors: changes in facilities relating to the early childhood education and care in alignment with the BCA; exemptions from certain BCA requirements in respect of the class 8 elcetrical network substations; requirement for handrails in relation to private stairs; structural software provisions; changes required with respect to wet areas in the buildings; update of referenced documents; other minor technical changes; Essential amendments made in relation to national BCA provisions for both the volumes: The provision related to the use of software in computer for designing the structural framing systems of the building must comply with the ABCB Protocol for Structural Software; With respect to slips, trips and falls changes the new requirements made in the BCA provisions, handrails must be present to private ramps and stairs which would prevent falls; In the wet areas of the buildings, provisions must be incorporated that would decide which areas of the building should be waterproof or water resistant; Minor changes have been introduced for the purpose of expansion, refinement, clarification and alignment; The changes made in the Volume one of the BCA provisions in 2012: new verification method has been incorporated to verify whether an emergency lighting system satisfies the safe illumination level that is stipulated under the Performance Requirement; Class 8 electrical network substations have been exempted from the BCA requirements for a range of installations and facilities based on the control systems applied to the construction and design of the building through the state-based and national network provider legislation (Porter 2015). Amendments include the requirements for a atmospheric contaminant monitoring system to be installed in a carpark. In addition to the changes made in the both the volumes of the BCA provisions, a change has been made in the in Volume two with respect to the changes in the Australian Governments Renewable Energy Target Scheme (Ching 2014). This change would result in the replacement of the term Renewable Energy Certificate with Small-scale Technology Certificate. There are certain amendments made in both the volumes of BCA provision in NSW hich are as follows: The Swimming Pools Regulations, the Swimming Pools Act, the Environmental Planning and Assessment Act, the Rural Fires Act and the Environmental Planning and Assessment Regulation have been incorporated in the referenced documents of the NSW Tables owing to the variations in the NSW references (Evans, Roshchanka and Graham 2017). There have been changes made in respect of the Fire hazard properties by introducing provisions that would enable the identification of any materials that should treated as retardants; The changes made with respect to the special fire protection where the definition has been updated to demonstrate the changes made in the referenced NSW State Environmental Planning policies; There have been amendments with respect to various other clauses with a view to maintain consistency. Essential amendments made in the Building Code of Australia 2015 Most of the changes made to the BCA in 2015 have been made relating to the following elements: the introduction of verification methods with respect to weatherproofing and structural reliability; expanding the sprinkler facilities for all new aged care facilities; necessary changes made with respect to barrier provisions to improve useability; New references and editions have been adopted in volumes One and two volumes which have included Windows in buildings-selection and installation. There has been inclusion of Termite Management- New Building work and Smoke Alarms as well. Construction of Barriers have been introduced to prevent falls; The incorporation of Residential and Low-rise Steel Framing has been introduced as an additional deemed-to-satisfy compliance for low-rise steel framing. Other minor technical changes have been made which includes incorporation of openable windows, open spectator stands, necessary access to maintain all parts of the building (Ronchi and Nilsson 2014); The present policy formulated by the Australian Building Codes Board (ABCB) aims at the following objectives: Obtaining compliance with the present performance requirements which is more important than raising the firmness of the energy efficiency provisions; To assess or review the rating software for its implementation in tropical northern climates of the country as the modeling in those areas result in sub-optimal consequences. To incorporate qualified measures into the performance requirements with a view o increase the certainty and clarity regarding what is required to do to act in compliance with the Building codes of Australia (Grondzik and Kwok 2014). Reasons behind the changes in the Building code of Australia The main reason for the constant changes made in the building codes of the Australia is based on the developmental in the factors such as environment, technology, culture, economic relationships that competes for recognition. With the advancement in the technology and the living standards of the Australian people, it has become necessary to enhance safety, amenity, health and sustainability of the society and the individuals residing within the society. The building codes of Australia or the building regulations has been set up to outline the minimum level of safety with respect to the constructed objects that were designed to safeguard public health, safety and welfare of the community in relation to the occupancy and construction of the building and structures (Coyle et al. 2016). The National Construction Code has been brought to regulation by adopting Territory, state and commonwealth legislations. It is subject to annual revision and the modified version comes into effect every year in May. With the establishment of the building codes since 1964 till the present code, there have been changes which led to the inclusion of new requirements for energy sufficiency. It further includes new provisions related to the incorporation of the requirements for health, safety and amenity. The processes and policy used by the Australian Building Code to make changes in the building codes or to facilitate any development in the building laws of the country (Clarke and Hensen 2015). International Building Code The International Building Code (IBC) is a model code that has been developed by the International Code Council (ICC). The IBC aims at addressing the concerns related to health and safety for buildings on the basis of performance a prescriptive related requirements. The statutory provisions stipulated under the Code aims at safeguarding the safety and health of the public on one hand, and on the other hand, it aims at averting both the preferential treatment and costs that is incurred on the methods of construction or the specified material required for the construction. The International Building Code is primarily concerned with fire prevention with respect to the construction and design of a occupied and completed building. It further requires the design of the building to incorporate proper accessibility of the structural and disabled stability. The IBC often refer to other codes such as the Plumbing Code, International Mechanical Code, the National Fire Protection Association and the National Electric Code. Hence, in case any municipal laws adopt the provisions of the IBC, it adopts the other parts that are referred to by the IBC as well. For instance, most often counties that adopts such IBC provisions tend to mechanical, plumbing and electric codes along with the adoption of the statutory provisions of the IBC (Kabak et al. 2014). The essential provisions stipulated in the IBC codes with respect to the design and construction of the building includes means of egress, existing structures, and accessibility. Means of egress this phrase refers to the capability to exit the structure in the event, any form of emergency takes place such as fire. The means of egress is divided into three parts, namely, the exit itself, the path of travel to an exit and the path that leads to the safe exit outside the building structure. There are requirements related to possible hazards like industries that deals with toxic and flammable chemicals. Accessibility- it refers to the accommodation of people who are physically challenged. It includes effective planning relating to the building entry, parking spaces, elevators, transportation and restrooms. Existing structures- the requirements specified in the building code becomes applicable to the construction of new buildings. It also includes any additions or alterations; changes in the use of the buildings; demolition of buildings or parts of the building which ceases to have any economic use. In case of any alterations and additional construction to any building shall be done in compliance with the provisions stipulated under section 101.2 of the IBC. The existing buildings are not exempted from the application of the provisions stipulated under the IBC. This ensures that any new addition or alterations made in the existing building has been done in compliance with the requirements mentioned under the code and that such alterations or additions made have complied with the safety levels stipulated by the law. Inadequacy and challenges arising from the National Construction Codes As discussed earlier, the changes made in the building codes attribute to the factors like environmental, technologies, cultural and economic relationship that competes for recognition. According to the Australia Building Codes Board (ABCB), a policy of consultation was developed as it was considered essential to introduce a relevant and contemporary construction code, which would aim at delivering better and improved societal results in terms of health, safety, sustainability and amenity within the built environment (Chauvin, Pauls and Strobl 2016). According to the ABCB, the development of the consultation policy leads to the modification and review of the initial recommendations related to the construction and design of the structure, thus, ensuring to produce better and improved results. However, this policy had been subject to several criticism in that consultation from parties who represents broad interests is often outnumbered owing to the inappropriate influence from the interests group, under such circumstances, the consultation policy may create better outcomes but at the same time, it can give rise to partiality or biasness. As per the National Construction Code, it engages in consultation with the industry stakeholders and the government with a view to draw input from such authorities. It further seeks assistance and advice from the building professionals, local governments, research communities, special interest groups and the community. Analysis of the International Building Code against recently adopted Building Codes of Australia ensuring consistence of the Australian codes with that of the International building codes In the global context, it is imperative for every country to work together with a view to share the advanced technology and the best practices. International development bodies such as the International building code, which includes, Plumbing Code, International Mechanical Code, the National Fire Protection Association and the National Electric Code have been established to bring together people from across the world for the purpose of setting out certain essential building standards with respect to building and construction (Chauvin, Pauls and Strobl 2016). As discussed earlier that the essential provisions that are stipulated under the IBC include fire prevention, accessibility and electric prevention, means of egress and making facilities for the people who are physically challenged. In the Building Code of Australia volume 1, the Australian Building Codes Board (ABCB) have incorporated provisions related to fire resistance that aims at safeguarding people from sustaining any injury due to fire in the building. The fire resistance provisions stipulate that the construction of the building must maintain structural stability to enable the occupant to evacuate safely in the event of fire emergency an allow fire brigade intervention. The performance requirements in the context of fire resistance include elements that maintain structural stability that is appropriate during a fire emergency such as the fire hazard, fire load, and height of the building, evacuation time and fire brigade intervention. In case the building solution is to act in compliance with the Deemed-to-satisfy provisions, the performance requirements that should be satisfied must include C1.1to C1.12 and C3.1 to C3.17 of the performance requirements. In regards to the accessibility and egress, the provisions stipulated under DF1 of the BCA VOL 1, the provision endows the occupant with equitable, safe and dignified access to a building or have access to use the facilities and services within a building. The building must be safe so far, it is reasonable to keep it safe and provide the occupants sufficient time to evacuate safely in case of any emergency (Clarke and Hensen 2015). The performance requirements provided with respect to the access and egress shall include provisions stipulating that people should have access to the building from the road boundary and have easy access to any public or work spaces; it requires enabling people to use the accommodation and facilities for the purpose of the personal hygiene. The provision enables the people to move safely within the building and the walking surface must have safe gradients. The doors were installed to avert the risk of the egress being impeded or the risk of being trapped in the building (Grondzik and Kwok 2014). The changes made in the BCA in 2012 and 2015 incorporated provisions to provide handrails to prevent falls, thus, assisting people with stability while using the stairways and ramps. A barrier was provided to prevent people from falling of the roofs or through any open windows. Further, exits must be provided within building that would allow the occupants to evacuate safely, in case of emergency. The height of the building and the storey of the building should be taken into consideration while evacuating the occupants in case of fire emergency in the building. The changes made in the BCA with respect to damp and weatherproofing stipulates that the occupants must be safeguarded from injury or illness or any damage caused by the surface water or by any external moisture entering into a building. The performance requirements for safeguarding the people from such damages include the prevention of water penetration through external walls, which must be complied with while constructing the building. Conclusion The objectives of the BCA are to maintain acceptable standards to achieve safety, structural sufficiency, amenity and health of the occupants within the building for the benefit of the community at present and in the future. The objectives and goals of the BCA extends to the extent so long such goals purports to serve public interest and is cost-effective. The objectives must be easily comprehended and must be convenient in its application, thus, the provisions act in compliance with the statutory provisions stipulated under the International Building Codes. References Board, A.B.C., 2015.National Construction Code. ABCB. Dimyadi, J. and Amor, R., 2013. Automated Building Code Compliance CheckingWhere is it at.Proceedings of CIB WBC, pp.172-185. Daly, D., Cooper, P. and Ma, Z., 2014. Understanding the risks and uncertainties introduced by common assumptions in energy simulations for Australian commercial buildings.Energy and Buildings,75, pp.382-393. Roetzel, A., Tsangrassoulis, A. and Dietrich, U., 2014. Impact of building design and occupancy on office comfort and energy performance in different climates.Building and environment,71, pp.165-175. Kibert, C.J., 2016.Sustainable construction: green building design and delivery. John Wiley Sons. Berardi, U., 2017. A cross-country comparison of the building energy consumptions and their trends.Resources, Conservation and Recycling,123, pp.230-241. Board, A.B.C., 2013. National Construction Code Series Volume 1, Building Code of Australia 2013, Class 2 to 9 Buildings.Canberra: Australian Building Codes Board,163. Iyer-Raniga, U., Moore, T. and Wasiluk, K., 2014. Residential building sustainability rating tools in Australia.Environment Design Guide, (80), p.1. Watson, K., Gad, E. and Pham, L., 2016. Reliability assessment of tests for determining structural performance. InAustralasian Structural Engineering Conference: ASEC 2016(p. 250). Engineers Australia. Pianella, A., Bush, J., Chen, Z., Williams, N.S. and Aye, L., 2016, December. Green roofs in Australia: review of thermal performance and associated policy development. InArchitectural Science Association Conference 2016. Ching, F.D. and Winkel, S.R., 2016.Building Codes Illustrated: A Guide to Understanding the 2015 International Building Code. John Wiley Sons. Porter, K.A., 2015. Safe enough? A building code to protect our cities as well as our lives.Earthquake Spectra. Ching, F.D., 2014.Building construction illustrated. John Wiley Sons. Evans, M., Roshchanka, V. and Graham, P., 2017. An international survey of building energy codes and their implementation.Journal of Cleaner Production,158, pp.382-389. Ronchi, E. and Nilsson, D., 2014, February. Modelling total evacuation strategies for high-rise buildings. InBuilding Simulation(Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 73-87). Springer. Grondzik, W.T. and Kwok, A.G., 2014.Mechanical and electrical equipment for buildings. John Wiley Sons. Coyle III, E.C., Isett, K.R., Rondone, J., Harris, R., Howell, M.C.B., Brandus, K., Hughes, G., Kerfoot, R. and Hicks, D., 2016. Making homes healthy: International Code Council processes and patterns.Journal of Public Health Management and Practice,22(4), pp.338-347. Clarke, J.A. and Hensen, J.L.M., 2015. Integrated building performance simulation: Progress, prospects and requirements.Building and Environment,91, pp.294-306. Kabak, M., Kse, E., K?r?lmaz, O. and Burmao?lu, S., 2014. A fuzzy multi-criteria decision making approach to assess building energy performance.Energy and Buildings,72, pp.382-389. Chauvin, J., Pauls, J. and Strobl, L., 2016. Building codes: An often overlooked determinant of health.Journal of public health policy,37(2), pp.136-148.

Leadership Mgmt free essay sample

During the departmental meeting, Carl is using the consultation-influencing tactic – he feels strongly that there should be a policy, but he hasn’t already decided what the policy should be and seeking input from his faculty. As a tenured faculty member without an administrative title, Latoya Washington does not have position power – she relies on personal power. Initially, she is probably hoping to use referent power, and win her fellow faculty over to her side based on her relationships with them. Thus, her first influencing tactic is personal appeal. When this isn’t successful, she tries another angle by using rational persuasion, providing facts (although unsubstantiated at least for the moment) and logical arguments to convince her fellow faculty that graduate assistants should be allowed to grade objective exams, or barring that, to convince the department chair that there should be no policy at all. 2. What would you do if you were John Carl? According to the case, â€Å"Carl likes to have policies in place, so that faculty members have guides for their behavior. We will write a custom essay sample on Leadership Mgmt or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page After consulting with his superiors, he has determined that there should be a departmental policy on the use of graduate assistants. Graduate assistantships serve two purposes. First, they provide graduate students with meaningful work experience in higher education. The work is generally not high profile or glorious, but is related to the career they are pursuing. Second, they provide faculty with something akin to paraprofessional support in fulfilling their duties. Thus, GA duties are typically ted directly to faculty activities, such as research. Graduate assistants are in a particularly vulnerable position. The faculty who give them work assignments are the same faculty who assign their course grades, and even determine whether they complete their programs. In some cases, GAs are prohibited from holding outside employment, and are dependent on their GA positions for their income. While the hopes is that faculty will make appropriate use of their Gas, there is always a risk that a GA will be asked to pick up dry cleaning, wash a car, or mow a lawn. In order to protect Gas from this type of imposition, establishing a common sense policy on the appropriate use of Gas is a good idea. Asking the faculty to develop the content of the policy as a group signals the faculty that Carl generally trusts their judgment, and is establishing the policy only as a precaution; it is an effective use of the consultation-influencing tactic. Therefore, up to this point Carl has made no serious errors. The fact that Carl was not prepared for the debate over the use of Gas to grade exams suggests that he has missed some political undercurrents among the faculty who have been in the department longer than he has. Using Gas to grade objective exams seems rather innocuous to receive this much faculty opposition. If I were Carl, I would make discreet inquiries regarding Washington’s relationships with her colleagues to find out if some other conflict is at work. My suspicion would be that Washington’s colleagues perceive her as lazy. In the meantime, I would invite my dean to lunch at a restaurant frequented by my faculty, and over lunch I would casually mention that my announcement regarding the GA policy was not universally popular, and he might hear from one or two disgruntled faculty. This conversation serves three purposes. First, it assures my dean that I will keep him informed about my department and not let him be blindsided. Second, it conveys to the dean that I have my department under control. Finally, the visibility of the lunch reminds my faculty of my connection power, and suggests that the dean will support whatever decision I make concerning the policy. 3. How would you evaluate Latoya Washington’s actions in this case? Would you have done the same thing? Did she make any mistakes? Washington has been using her GA to grade objective exams, and it is a practice she would like to continue. However, she makes her case poorly in the meeting. One of her arguments is that faculty in other departments and at other universities use GAs in teaching and assessment situations which require far more professional judgment. While this is true, and her colleagues undoubtedly know that it is true, her presentation of the argument strictly as a device to justify her own behavior weakens the point. She weakens her case further by following this with â€Å"it’s not fair. Finally, rather than asserting that the policy should not prohibit using Gas as graders, she contends that there need not be a policy at all – in effect, attempting to dismiss her colleagues’ position by attacking Carl’s. This is a calculated risk; she perceives Carl, as a relatively new administrator, to be a more vulnerable opponent than her fellow tenured faculty. If Carl is an ins ecure leader, or cannot rely on the support of his dean, the tactic could work. However, it could also result in Washington fighting a war on two fronts. If I had been in Washington’s position, I would have taken steps to slow down the process. As soon as someone suggested prohibiting the use of GAs for exam grading, Washington should have suggested that they take a step back and, instead of using the meeting to outline the policy, use it to develop a statement of philosophy regarding the use of GAs. This would give her an opening to talk about the importance of the GA experience in shaping future faculty, and the value of exposing GAs to the duties they would assume as professors, including research, service, and teaching. She could suggest several activities under the research and service headings to which her colleagues would readily agree. Once they have accepted the premise that a GA position is training for a faculty position, she could introduce the proposition that in terms of the teaching side of their development, GAs also benefit from supervising homework labs as well as correcting exams, particularly in situations where some degree of judgment is required to assign partial credit. Slowing sown the process gives Washington a greater opportunity to employ rational persuasion. Washington’s email to the department is inherently threatening to Carl. She has questioned the ethics and legality of adopting a policy she dislikes, and has stated that she is prepared to take it up the chain. The email is unnecessarily confrontational. While Washington is probably unaware that Carl spoke with his superiors prior to introducing the topic of a policy, she should consider the fact that, in the absence of actual wrongdoing, a dean is unlikely to rule against both a department chair that he appointed and the majority of the faculty in a department based on a single appeal. Thus, a better course of action would have been for Washington to approach Carl after the meeting and suggest that the department agree on a list of peer departments, either on campus or elsewhere, and review their GA policies to see if there were consistencies worth adopting; Washington herself would volunteer to collect and summarize the data. Again, she postponed a decision, giving her time to influence her colleagues through rational persuasion; offered meaningful support to her chair, thus building her referent power; and found a way to introduce her original arguments in a thoughtful and controlled way not easily dismissed. 4. If you were Latoya Washington, and John Carl drafted a policy to which the rest of the department agreed, what would you do? Theoretically, Washington could appeal the policy to the dean, using some variation on the grounds she attempted to use in the meeting. In her place, I would not file such an appeal, for the reasons I address in Question 5. Washington would need to accept the loss as gracefully as possible and discontinue using GAs to grade objective exams. 5. If you were the dean of the business school, knowing that the vice president does not want to set a college-wide policy, and Latoya Washington appealed to you, what would you do? The dean appointed Carl as chair of the department. He also gave his tacit approval of Carl’s plan to develop a departmental policy on the use of GAs. Granting Washington’s appeal would undermine Carl; his department would come to see him as ineffective, and his faculty would be more inclined to challenge his authority in the future, which would require the dean to intervene in the department more frequently. In addition, because the dean already supported Carl’s plan for a policy, reversing himself following Washington’s appeal would make him look weak and untrustworthy to his own subordinate. The dean’s long working relationship with Carl, and Carl’s with his faculty, hang in the balance. On the other hand, a dean who ignores or automatically denies a faculty appeal opens himself up to accusations of favoritism or tyranny. In his position, I would review the appeal, then notify Washington that I was providing Carl a copy and giving him two weeks to write his rebuttal. I would privately advise Carl to speak with his faculty individually to ensure that the policy he has written actually has the support of the majority, both tenured and untenured, and that no one feels he or she was coerced into approving it. After I reviewed Carl’s rebuttal, I would meet with Washington privately and tell her that, while I sympathize with her position, the policy is legal and ethical and enjoys majority support, and her appeal is denied. Then I would encourage her to explore options for obtaining the variety of support she needs outside the scope of the departmental policy. 6. What would you have done in Eddie Accorsi’s place? Would your decision have depended on whether Latoya Washington was a friend? Would it have depended on whether you were tenured? Assuming Accorsi’s motives are pure, he was in a difficult position in the meeting. As a tenure-track faculty member whose future employment depends to some extent, on remaining in his colleagues’ good graces, he would have taken a risk by defending Washington’s position in the meeting. Another explanation for his behavior is possible, however. Accorsi may not have had any opinion at all on the issue under debate. By remaining silent (and implying consent) in the meeting, he maintained his relationship with the majority. By approaching Washington after the meeting to express his support, he did what he could to preserve his relationship with her. In this case, his behavior was dishonest, but also politically savvy. If I were Accorsi, and I genuinely supported Washington’s position, I would have taken essentially the same actions described above for Washington: I would have suggested that we take the time to develop a statement of philosophy regarding the purpose of graduate assistantships; that we benchmark GA policies of other comparable departments; and that we develop a policy that was consistent with best practices elsewhere. His remarks would support Washington without being obviously partisan. This approach would have been appropriate regardless of his personal relationship with Washington or his tenure status.